THE PROCESS OF PROVIDING CLEAN WATER IN THE WORLD OF NEW YORK

The information about the source of contaminated water has caused worry throughout the United States, so the New York Times decided to find out whether the supplier of the nation’s largest clean water did nothing to provide running water for 9.5 million people.

Protect the water at the source

The Catskill and Delaware basin is located in the city center, 201 km (125 miles) northwest of supply over 90% of the city’s water source. the remaining 10% comes from the Croton watershed.

The city’s water source protection starts with protecting land and water sources around the streams, rivers, lakes and reservoirs.

The city has also built septic systems and sewage treatment plants for communities around the basin and help them build the shed, workshops on the farm around the basin to prevent harmful runoff.

“We are at the water source, contrary to the method of handling focus,” Paul v. Rush, Deputy Commissioner of the city’s water supply Bureau said.

Why the need to treat the water at the source?

We can pour water out general piping systems and processing (waste water treatment). But the way to handle this just not effective just expensive. Therefore, waste water at the source is the appropriate choice in the countries of the world. 

This method helps save costs of processing, the water quality is higher quality output, saving time and minimizing environmental risks are substantial. 

Now New York is one of the leading cities and apply effective water treatment methods at the source with the largest scale in the world.

A magic technology

Is Catskill pipe plumbing wonders, it đến148 km (92 MI) long, lying at a depth of 335 meters (1100 feet) beneath the Hudson River, was built a century ago.

It can take 12 weeks to a year to push water from the streams, dams, tunnels and reservoirs from the Catskills to the city. All the water that was leading to the city thanks to gravity. 

“Gravity” is a very important friend, it helps the system works non-stop and is “effective” energy source.

But this system was pretty old and long lifetime. However, the city also has plans to spend 3.4 billion dollars in the next five years for hundreds of projects to repair and upgrade the infrastructure.

Among the projects is a underground piping is a tributary of the Delaware pipe was leaking more than 18 million gallons of water daily for decades. 

It will be suspension to fix in 2020 and then the city will depend on the system of Catskills, as well as the Croton system (a 3.2 billion water filtration plant was put into operation in 2015).

Test and monitoring

The Catskills and Delaware water pipes into the Kensico reservoir has a robotic buoy control, this is where the off-shore Research Center conveys information about the water quality. Here, chlorine and Fluoride are added to water disinfection.

The Scientific Council constantly monitors the temperature, pH, nutrients and bacteria levels in the water.

Robot floats 2015, has recorded 1.9 million measurements, the Scientific Council has collected samples from 15.500 Lakes, streams and water pipes in the suburbs for analysis.

All the data was fed into a computer system, which must use technology to advanced weather forecast made a prediction about the quality of the water that day-and can even be 6 next month-in each reservoir.

The external factors that affect water quality

A problem that the experts concerned that is cloudy water, or bullshit. Heavy rain and strong wind might sweep the particles of clay and mud into the system causing inhibition of the process water treatment. 

In addition, climate change is also important factors such as rainfall, change the status rừngvà water temperature can influence the quality of the water.

The method of high-tech water treatment

More than a billion gallons of water each day going through a disinfection plant by the world’s largest UV in Westchester.

City water often is treated with chlorine. In the 1990s, ultraviolet (UV) is identified as a supplementary method of handling – safe and effective disinfection purposes.

At the source of the UV disinfection has layers of quartz sheath was installed in the massive disinfection and water tank will be disinfected when through this system.

Meet the needs of clean water in New York

Hillview reservoir is the final destination before heading into the city’s plumbing. Imagine it as a bathtub 900 million gallons of water, with enough water to supply the city in one day.

Before the water was brought to the city, chlorine, acid H3PO4 and NaOH are added to trùngvà increase the pH levels to prevent pipe corrosion and release of toxic metals such as lead. The force of the water going through the tunnel created enough pressure to bring water to the 6th floor of most buildings.

The city is also being deployed to build more underground water system. By 2020, this will bring the piping of water to all 5 districts and extremely helpful to reduce the amount of water in the pipeline such as oldest Catskills and Delaware.

The water pipeline network

Each path in the city has at least one underground water pipes. Almost as buildings in the city were connected to the water system.

The main water system of the city is a long pipeline network of about 11.000 km (6.800). Its diameter is large enough for a man to stand inside, almost all were made of iron and steel.

The city regularly check for contaminants, including lead in plumbing. But it is estimated that at least 45.000 water pipe of 836.000 lead-contaminated pipes. 

Can do the welding joints lead or the buildings are old or plumbing fixtures made of brass contains lead. But the city also are to locate and replace them with the new pipeline.

The current state of use of New York

Approximately 1.000 water sampling stations across the city. Each day, the Scientific Council to 50 stations to check the temperature, pH and Chlorine, as well as the amount of certain chemicals to prevent the corrosion of the pipes.

Scientists have collected water samples 31.700 at cities in the last year. 383.000 more tests are performed, in sampling stations or laboratories in Queens. 

They search for e. coli bacteria, parasites Cryptosporidium and Giardia, the culprit causing stomach ailments; and other bacteria that are known for piping system contamination.

They also check the levels of toxic metals such as lead, organic pollutants and substances not controlled as Perflourooctanoic acid, or PFOA, a toxic chemical.

According to the annual water quality report of the city until 2015, New York was in compliance with all the limits on the State’s chemical and the Federation.

New York is often set up a program of annual water quality testing throughout the Union in order to detect and correct for these households are at risk of lead contamination.

If more than 10% of samples exceeded the standard, the water system must perform the work to reduce lead concentrations.

New York can be seen very focused demands and water quality. Is a large city with the world’s most active power constantly but New York never underwent the lack of clean water. 

Really awesome and rewarding to learn, apply processes and technologies that provide clean water such as New York with regard to the developing countries at present.

(By sonha.vn)